南沙群岛西南部陆架区底层鱼类营养结构研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宁加佳  杜飞雁  王雪辉  王亮根  谷阳光  李亚芳 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(2):468-475

为了解南沙群岛西南部陆架区底层鱼类食物网的营养结构特征,于2013年9月利用稳定同位素方法分析了24种底层鱼类的碳和氮稳定同位素比值(δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值),并计算了基于δ~(13)C—δ~(15)N量化的6个营养结构的群落范围指标。结果显示:南沙群岛西南部陆架区底层鱼类的δ~(13)C值在–20.4‰—–17.0‰之间,均值为(–19.1±0.8)‰;δ~(15)N值的范围为7.9‰—12.2‰,均值为(9.7±1.0)‰。鱼类的营养位置在3.06—4.33之间,平均值为3.58±0.29,表明均以肉食性为主。根据群落范围指标结果分析,鱼类群落的δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值范围(CR和NR)分别为3.4和4.3,表明南沙群岛西南陆架区底层鱼类的初始食源较为单一,营养层次较少;总面积(TA)和到重心的平均距离(CD)分别为5.8和1.0,意味着鱼类食物网营养级多样性的总程度和平均程度均较低;平均最近相邻距离(NND)及最近相邻距离的标准偏差(SDNND)分别为0.37和0.43,说明研究海域底层鱼类食物网的营养冗余程度较高,不同种类之间的营养生态位幅宽较小,重叠程度较高。此外,浅海长尾鲨(Alopias pelagicus)和狐形长尾鲨(Alopias vulpinus)在南沙群岛西南部陆架区底层鱼类群落的营养结构中起着重要作用。因此在对该海域渔业资源进行开发利用时,应禁止捕捞这些种类,而对一些冗余种类,如多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、条尾鲱鲤(Upeneus bensasi)和带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)等,可以适度捕捞,以维持底层鱼类群落营养结构的完整性,在渔业资源合理开发、持续利用的同时,有效地保护海洋生态系统的安全发展。  相似文献   

西沙群岛海洋资源调查评估与南海渔业开发维权     

康霖 《海洋技术学报》2016,(1):122-130

海洋移动自主观测平台在海洋观测技术中越来越为人们所倚重,发达国家相继投入了大量的研究和部署.研究一种具有全天候、长续航力的海洋移动自主观测平台是当前一系列海洋装备中的研究热点和未来趋势,尤其是最近5年,这项工作更是达到了新的高度.针对长续航力海洋移动自主观测平台的特征,文中将其分为长续航力自主潜航器系列和水下滑翔机系列两大类,结合其共性问题分析了世界各国的研究现状,并对其未来发展趋势作了展望,最后简要讨论了这些平台未来发展中的关键技术.  相似文献   

Recent population trends of sooty and light-mantled albatrosses breeding on Marion Island     

S Schoombie  RJM Crawford  AB Makhado  BM Dyer  PG Ryan 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):119-127

Sub-Antarctic Marion Island is one of the few islands where both species of Phoebetria albatrosses breed sympatrically. The last published assessment of their population trends, which reported counts up to 2008, concluded that the numbers of breeding pairs of sooty albatross P. fusca (Endangered) were decreasing, whereas numbers of light-mantled albatross P. palpebrata (Near Threatened) were increasing. Extending the counts to 2014 reversed these trends, with numbers of sooty albatrosses increasing from 2006 to 2014, and numbers of light-mantled albatrosses decreasing from 2007 to 2014. Confidence in island-wide counts is low due to the cryptic nature of the albatrosses on their largely inaccessible cliff-side nest sites, as well as counts for sooty albatrosses taking place late in the incubation period when 10?20% of nests have already failed. Given the greater conservation concern for the sooty albatross, we recommend that dedicated annual counts be conducted during the early incubation period, and be repeated shortly after the chicks hatch (late December), mid-way through the nestling period (late February) and prior to fledging (late April), to give a better idea of breeding success. Count zones also should be revised to facilitate more accurate counts, ensuring more reliable estimates of sooty albatross population trends at Marion Island.  相似文献   

Shallow submarine volcano group in the early stage of island arc development: Geology and petrology of small islands south off Hahajima main island,the Ogasawara Islands     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

Small Islands south off Hahajima, the southernmost of the Ogasawara Archipelago, consist of primitive basalts (<12 wt.% MgO) to dacite erupted during the transitional stage immediately following boninite volcanism on the incipient arc to sustained typical oceanic arc. Strombolian to Hawaiian fissure eruptions occurring on independent volcanic centers for the individual islands under a shallow sea produced magnesian basalt to dacite fall-out tephras, hyaloclastite and a small volume of pillow lava, which were intruded by NE-trending dikes. These volcanic strata are correlated to the upper part (<40 Ma) of the Hahajima main island. Volcanic rock samples have slightly lower FeO^*/MgO ratios than the present volcanic front lavas, and are divided into three types with high, medium and low La/Yb ratios. Basalt to dacite of high- and medium-La/Yb types show both tholeiitic (TH) and calc-alkaline (CA) differentiation trends. Low-La/Yb type belongs only to TH basalt. The multiple magma types are coexistence on the each island. TH basalts have phenocrysts of olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase, while CA basalts are free from plagioclase phenocrysts.  相似文献   

Vertical distribution of New Zealand shipworms (Bivalvia: Teredinidae)     

J. L. McKoy 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):403-409

In Tauranga Harbour, Lyrodus medilobatus was found in greatest numbers on test‐blocks placed near the bottom, while Bankia australis, B. neztalia, and Nototeredo edax had a more uniform vertical distribution. Shipworms occurred in the intertidal zone up to about mean sea level. In Wellington Harbour, B. neztalia was found in test‐blocks up to mean sea level, but was most abundant in blocks near the bottom. In the Bay of Islands, shipworms settled in the intertidal on test‐blocks as high as 30 cm below mean sea level. B. australis was the most abundant species in mangrove wood in northern New Zealand, and L. medilobatus occurred occasionally. No evidence was found for shipworms settling on living mangrove wood, although they frequently tunnelled from dead wood into living wood.  相似文献   

Surface tidal currents in the open sea area to the east of the Zhoushan Islands measured with high frequency surface wave radar     

SHEN Zhiben  WU Xiongbin  FEI Yuejun  XU Xing''an  CHEN Xiaofeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(10):5-10

Based on the quasi-harmonic analysis of 11 d vector ocean currents obtained from two high frequency sur- face wave radars located at Zhujiajian Island and Shengshan Island, the spatial distribution characteristics of surface tidal currents in the open sea area to the east of the Zhoushan Islands of Zhejiang Province, China are studied. The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis： the tidal current pattern in the open sea area to the east of Zhoushan Islands is primarily regular semidiurnal, which is significantly affected by the shallow water constituents. The directions of the major axes of tidal current ellipses of M2 lie approx- imately in the NW-SE direction. With the increasing of distance away from the coast, the directions of the tidal current ellipses gradually shift toward the E-W direction. The tidal currents are mainly reversing cur- rents. The spatial distribution of probable maximum current velocities decreases gradually from northeast to southwest which is basically in accordance with the spatial distribution of measured maximum current velocities. The residual currents near the coast are larger than those far away from the coast. The directions of the residual currents are basically north by east, and the angle to the due north increases gradually with the increasing distance away from the coast. The topography shows a certain impact on the spatial distri- bution of shallow water constituents, the rotation of tidal currents, the probable maximum currents and the residual currents.  相似文献   

Confounding response of macrofauna from a confluence of impacts: brine and sewage pollution     

Rodrigo Rier  Fernando Tuy  Myriam Rodr&#;guez  &#;scar Monterroso  Eva Ramos 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(10):74-81

Throughout the shores of the world,a confluence of different sources of pollution is common,e.g.,through outlets releasing brine,industrial,and domestic sewage.In this study,we assessed whether a combined disposal of domestic sewage and brine altered the patterns of abundance and assemblage structure of subtidal macrofauna inhabiting sandy seabeds on the south coast of Gran Canaria(Canary Islands,NE Atlantic Ocean).Samples were collected in two surveys(May 2008 and January 2009)at three distances(0,15,and30 m)away from the discharge point.Macrofaunal abundances showed different patterns with varying proximity from the disposal point in the two surveys.In May 2008,lower abundances were observed at0 m(53.89±46.82 ind.)than at 15 m(120±91.7 ind.)and 30 m(283.89±189.33 ind.)away from the disposal point.In January 2009,however,higher abundances were observed at 0 m(131.33±58.69 ind.)than at 30 m(100±24.44 ind.)and 15 m(84.78±58.39 ind.)away from the disposal point.Significant differences in macrofaunal assemblage structure were found with varying proximity from the discharge point in both surveys.The effect of proximity from the disposal point was confounded by changes in sedimentary composition between surveys,which contributed to explain differences in macrofaunal abundances and assemblage structure with varying proximity from the discharge point.As a result,confounding drivers of macrofaunal assemblage structure,here,changes in sediment composition,accounted for changes in macrofaunal abundances and assemblage structure with varying proximity from a combined disposal point of brine and sewage.  相似文献   

Estimates of numbers of kelp gulls and Kerguelen and Antarctic terns breeding at the Prince Edward Islands, 1996/1997–2008/2009     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):439-444

Breeding numbers of Laridae and other surface-nesting seabirds have been monitored at sub-Antarctic Marion Island since 1996/1997 and counts of breeding birds were made at nearby Prince Edward Island in December 2001 and December 2008. Four species are regular breeders at the islands: Subantarctic skua Catharacta antarctica, kelp gull Larus dominicanus, Antarctic tern Sterna vittata and Kerguelen tern S. virgata. The latter three species currently each have populations of below 150 breeding pairs at the islands. Kelp gull numbers appear to be relatively stable though they may have decreased since the 1980s. Kerguelen tern numbers decreased and then recovered at Marion Island, but numbers of the species have declined at Prince Edward Island and it maintains a tenuous foothold there. The small Antarctic tern population appears to be stable.  相似文献   

Coral bleaching indices and thresholds for the Florida Reef Tract, Bahamas, and St. Croix, US Virgin Islands   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Manzello DP  Berkelmans R  Hendee JC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(12):1923-1931

It is well established that elevated sea temperatures cause widespread coral bleaching, yet confusion lingers as to what facet of extreme temperatures is most important. Utilizing long-term in situ datasets, we calculated nine thermal stress indices and tested their effectiveness at segregating bleaching years a posteriori for multiple reefs on the Florida Reef Tract. The indices examined represent three aspects of thermal stress: (1) short-term, acute temperature stress; (2) cumulative temperature stress; and (3) temperature variability. Maximum monthly sea surface temperature (SST) and the number of days >30.5 °C were the most significant; indicating that cumulative exposure to temperature extremes characterized bleaching years. Bleaching thresholds were warmer for Florida than the Bahamas and St. Croix, US Virgin Islands reflecting differences in seasonal maximum SST. Hind-casts showed that monthly mean SST above a local threshold explained all bleaching years in Florida, the Bahamas, and US Virgin Islands.  相似文献   

Differences in SEM-AVS and ERM-ERL predictions of sediment impacts from metals in two US Virgin Islands marinas     

Hinkey LM  Zaidi BR 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(2):180-185

Two US Virgin Islands marinas were examined for potential metal impacts by comparing sediment chemistry data with two sediment quality guideline (SQG) values: the ratio of simultaneously extractable metals to acid volatile sulfides (SEM-AVS), and effects range-low and -mean (ERL-ERM) values. ERL-ERMs predicted the marina/boatyard complex (IBY: 2118 microg/g dry weight total metals, two exceeded ERMs) would have greater impacts than the marina with no boatyard (CBM: 231 microg/g dry weight total metals, no ERMs exceeded). The AVS-SEM method predicted IBY would have fewer effects due to high AVS-forming metal sulfide complexes, reducing trace metal bioavailability. These contradictory predictions demonstrate the importance of validating the results of either of these methods with other toxicity measures before making any management or regulatory decisions regarding boating and marina impacts. This is especially important in non-temperate areas where sediment quality guidelines have not been validated.  相似文献